States of Matter and Phase Changes

The video explains the three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and how particles behave in each state. It covers Brownian motion, diffusion in gases and liquids, and phase changes. The video demonstrates how temperature affects diffusion rates and how energy transfer occurs during phase changes.

Which of the following states of matter has a definite shape?

• Plasma

• Gas

• Liquid

• Solid

What evidence supports the random movement of particles in a gas?

• The flow of liquids

• The fixed shape of solids

• The melting of ice

• The jittering of smoke particles

What phenomenon did Robert Brown observe with pollen grains in water?

• Brownian motion

• Sublimation

• Evaporation

• Condensation

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion in liquids?

• Higher temperatures stop diffusion

• Higher temperatures speed up diffusion

• Higher temperatures have no effect

• Higher temperatures slow down diffusion

What happens to bromine gas in a vacuum compared to in air?

• It does not diffuse in a vacuum

• It diffuses slower in a vacuum

• It diffuses at the same rate in both

• It diffuses faster in a vacuum

What is the process called when a liquid changes into a gas?

• Sublimation

• Condensation

• Freezing

• Evaporation

Which liquid evaporates the fastest at room temperature?

• Water

• Ethanol

• Ether

• Mercury

What happens to a balloon filled with air when immersed in liquid nitrogen?

• It expands

• It shrinks and becomes brittle

• It bursts

• It remains unchanged

What is the solid form of carbon dioxide commonly known as?

• Liquid carbon

• Dry ice

• Frozen carbon

• Carbon snow

What process describes the change from solid carbon dioxide to gas at room temperature?

• Evaporation

• Condensation

• Sublimation

• Melting