Gene Cloning and Genetic Engineering

The video tutorial covers gene cloning, focusing on biotechnology and DNA technology. It explains recombinant DNA, plasmids, and the genetic engineering process to produce proteins. Applications in medicine and industry are discussed, along with the use of restriction enzymes and genomic libraries. Challenges in producing eukaryotic proteins are addressed, and methods for identifying specific genes in a genomic library are explained.

What is the primary focus of genetic engineering?

• Directly altering genes for practical purposes

• Breeding animals for agricultural benefits

• Manipulating organisms to produce desired traits

• Studying the natural evolution of species

What is recombinant DNA?

• DNA that is naturally occurring in organisms

• DNA that is synthesized from scratch in a lab

• DNA formed by combining genetic material from two sources

• DNA that is extracted from ancient fossils

What role do plasmids play in genetic engineering?

• They are the main source of genetic material in bacteria

• They are used to replicate DNA in eukaryotic cells

• They are enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites

• They serve as vectors to carry genes of interest

What is the first step in the process of genetic engineering to produce a protein?

• Producing complementary DNA

• Cutting the DNA at specific sites

• Isolating the bacterial plasmid and desired gene

• Transforming bacterial cells

What is the purpose of using DNA ligase in genetic engineering?

• To degrade unwanted DNA

• To form covalent bonds between DNA fragments

• To replicate DNA strands

• To cut DNA at specific sequences

How can gene cloning be used to benefit agriculture?

• By creating glow-in-the-dark plants

• By making plants resistant to diseases

• By increasing the size of fruits

• By altering the color of flowers

What is a potential application of gene cloning in the food industry?

• Developing plants that grow without sunlight

• Producing hybrid fruits with enhanced flavors

• Making vegetables that change color when ripe

• Creating fruits that glow in the dark

What challenge is faced when producing eukaryotic proteins using recombinant DNA?

• Inability to replicate DNA

• Presence of introns in the DNA

• Lack of suitable bacterial hosts

• Difficulty in cutting DNA at specific sites

What enzyme is used to create complementary DNA from mRNA?

• RNA polymerase

• DNA polymerase

• Reverse transcriptase

• Restriction enzyme

What is the purpose of creating a genomic library?

• To replicate entire genomes

• To produce proteins in large quantities

• To analyze the function of specific genes

• To store DNA for future use