Genetic Screening and DNA Probes

The video introduces genetic screening, explaining how DNA sequencing helps identify mutations that cause diseases. It details the process of genetic screening using DNA probes to locate specific alleles. The video covers hybridization, detection of mutant alleles, and screening for multiple diseases using DNA probes on a glass slide. It concludes with a summary and resources for further learning.

What is the primary cause of many human diseases according to the video?

• Poor diet

• Lack of exercise

• Mutations in genes

• Environmental factors

Which chromosome is associated with sickle cell disease due to a nucleotide substitution?

• Chromosome 11

• Chromosome 7

• Chromosome 19

• Chromosome 21

What is the purpose of genetic screening?

• To measure intelligence

• To assess physical fitness

• To identify alleles linked to genetic diseases

• To determine dietary needs

What is a DNA probe?

• A short section of DNA complementary to a known sequence

• A protein that binds to DNA

• A type of enzyme

• A long strand of RNA

How are DNA probes labeled for detection?

• With a metallic coating

• With a chemical dye

• With a magnetic marker

• With a fluorescent or radioactive marker

What is the process called when a DNA probe binds to a mutant allele?

• Replication

• Hybridization

• Translation

• Transcription

What happens to unattached probes during the DNA screening process?

• They are left in the mixture

• They are washed away

• They are converted into proteins

• They are used for another test

How can multiple genetic diseases be screened simultaneously?

• By fixing hundreds of different DNA probes on a glass slide

• By using a single DNA probe

• By using a single genetic test

• By analyzing blood samples

What indicates the presence of a mutant allele in a DNA screening test?

• A change in temperature

• A visible color change

• Fluorescence or radioactive signal

• A sound alert

What does twice the fluorescence intensity indicate in a DNA screening test?

• Presence of two mutant alleles

• A stronger DNA bond

• A larger DNA sample

• A higher temperature