Acid-Base Theories and Reactions

This lecture covers three main theories of acids and bases: Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis. The Arrhenius model defines acids as substances that ionize to produce hydrogen ions in water, while bases produce hydroxide ions. The Bronsted-Lowry model describes acids as hydrogen ion donors and bases as acceptors, introducing the concept of conjugate acid-base pairs. The Lewis model focuses on electron pairs, defining acids as electron pair acceptors and bases as donors. The lecture also discusses the practical application of the Lewis model in removing CO2 from spaceships using lithium hydroxide.

According to the Arrhenius model, what does an acid produce in an aqueous solution?

• Hydroxide ions

• Hydrogen ions

• Sodium ions

• Chloride ions

In the Bronsted-Lowry model, what role does water play when mixed with ammonia?

• It acts as a base

• It acts as an acid

• It acts as a catalyst

• It acts as a solvent

What is a conjugate base in a reversible reaction?

• A substance that accepts a hydrogen ion

• A substance that donates a hydrogen ion

• A substance that accepts an electron pair

• A substance that donates an electron pair

What does the term 'amphoteric' refer to?

• A substance that is neither an acid nor a base

• A substance that can only act as an acid

• A substance that can only act as a base

• A substance that can act as both an acid and a base

In the Lewis model, what is a base defined as?

• A substance that accepts a pair of electrons

• A substance that donates a pair of electrons

• A substance that accepts a hydrogen ion

• A substance that donates a hydrogen ion

What does the Lewis model focus on?

• Proton transfer

• Electron pairs

• Hydrogen ions

• Hydroxide ions

In the Lewis model, what role does hydroxide play when reacting with hydrogen ions?

• It acts as an acid

• It acts as a solvent

• It acts as a base

• It acts as a catalyst

How is carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere in spaceships?

• By using sodium hydroxide

• By using magnesium oxide

• By using lithium hydroxide

• By using calcium carbonate

What happens to carbon dioxide when it reacts with hydroxide in the filter?

• It forms bicarbonate ion

• It forms carbon monoxide

• It forms water

• It forms carbonate ion

What is the result of too much carbon dioxide in the air?

• It becomes poisonous

• It becomes a solid

• It becomes inert

• It becomes beneficial