Functions of the Digestive System

This lecture covers the digestive system, focusing on the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus. It explains the anatomy and functions of these areas, including the role of saliva and teeth in digestion. The lecture also discusses the process of swallowing and the importance of the pharynx and esophagus in moving food to the stomach.

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

• To produce hormones

• To absorb oxygen

• To break down food and absorb nutrients

• To circulate blood

Which part of the mouth is responsible for the initial breakdown of carbohydrates?

• Salivary glands

• Uvula

• Teeth

• Tongue

What is the role of the uvula during swallowing?

• To taste food

• To grind food

• To close off the nasal cavity

• To produce saliva

What is the main function of the pharynx in the digestive system?

• To absorb nutrients

• To store food

• To produce digestive enzymes

• To act as a passageway for food and air

Which muscle type is found in the upper third of the esophagus?

• Mixed muscle

• Skeletal muscle

• Cardiac muscle

• Smooth muscle

What is the 'point of no return' in the esophagus?

• The point where food enters the stomach

• The point where food cannot be regurgitated

• The point where digestion begins

• The point where absorption occurs

What is the primary function of the cardiac sphincter?

• To absorb nutrients

• To prevent food from entering the airway

• To regulate the passage of food into the stomach

• To produce digestive enzymes

During which phase of swallowing does the tongue push food into the pharynx?

• Gastric phase

• Pharyngoesophageal phase

• Involuntary phase

• Voluntary phase

What is the role of peristalsis in the esophagus?

• To produce saliva

• To move food towards the stomach

• To break down food

• To absorb nutrients

Which structure ensures that food does not enter the respiratory passages during swallowing?

• Tongue

• Epiglottis

• Uvula

• Soft palate