The video tutorial explains RNA interference, a process used by many organisms to control gene expression. It covers the roles of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in gene silencing. The tutorial details how these small RNA molecules guide the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to target specific messenger RNAs, leading to their degradation or translation inhibition. The importance of RNA in biological processes and its potential as a therapeutic tool is also discussed.

What is one potential future application of RNA interference mentioned in the video?

• As a dietary supplement

• As a therapy

• As a new form of energy

• As a communication tool

What is the primary role of small RNA molecules in eukaryotic cells?

• To direct gene silencing

• To repair DNA

• To enhance cell division

• To increase protein synthesis

What is the mature form of RNA that is exported from the nucleus called?

• tRNA

• rRNA

• mRNA

• siRNA

From where are small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) derived?

• Double-stranded RNAs

• Single-stranded RNAs

• Protein complexes

• Lipids

What is the function of the Dicer protein in RNA interference?

• To bind to DNA

• To synthesize proteins

• To cut RNA into short segments

• To transport RNA

What is the approximate length of most siRNAs and microRNAs?

• 50 nucleotides

• 21 nucleotides

• 10 nucleotides

• 100 nucleotides

What is the role of the Argonaut protein in the RISC complex?

• To bind and cleave target mRNA

• To transport proteins

• To degrade DNA

• To synthesize RNA

How do siRNAs achieve precise targeting of messenger RNAs?

• By random pairing

• By altering DNA sequences

• By base pairing with perfect complementarity

• By binding to proteins

What is the result of microRNA targeting messenger RNAs?

• Increased protein synthesis

• Degradation or inhibition of translation

• DNA replication

• Cell division

In which organisms are Argonauts and their small regulatory RNA co-actors found?

• Only in animals

• Only in plants

• In plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria

• Only in fungi