Chinese Dynasties and Philosophies

The Zhou Dynasty, spanning from 1046 B.C. to 256 B.C., was a pivotal era in ancient China, marked by the rise of Confucianism, Daoism, and the Mandate of Heaven. It began with the overthrow of the Shang Dynasty and was divided into the Western and Eastern Zhou periods. The Western Zhou established a feudal system, while the Eastern Zhou saw cultural and intellectual advancements during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. Despite its decline, the Zhou Dynasty's philosophical and political legacies profoundly influenced Chinese civilization.

What significant concept justified the rule of Zhou kings?

• Divine Right of Kings

• Mandate of Heaven

• Social Contract

• Feudal Allegiance

What was the primary system of governance during the Western Zhou period?

• Centralized bureaucracy

• Military dictatorship

• Decentralized feudal system

• Democratic assembly

What marked the beginning of the Eastern Zhou period?

• The rise of Confucianism

• The relocation of the capital to Luoyang

• The Battle of Muye

• The invention of iron tools

Which period saw the emergence of Confucius and Laozi?

• Western Zhou period

• Spring and Autumn period

• Warring States period

• Eastern Zhou period

Which period was characterized by intense warfare among seven states?

• Western Zhou period

• Eastern Zhou period

• Warring States period

• Spring and Autumn period

What was a major technological advancement during the Warring States period?

• Introduction of paper

• Widespread use of iron tools

• Development of gunpowder

• Invention of the compass

Which philosophy emphasized living in harmony with the Dao?

• Buddhism

• Daoism

• Legalism

• Confucianism

Which philosophy advocated for strict laws and harsh punishments?

• Mohism

• Legalism

• Daoism

• Confucianism

What was a key factor in the decline of the Zhou Dynasty?

• Invasion by foreign powers

• Natural disasters

• Growth of regional lords' power

• Economic collapse

What continued to legitimize Chinese dynasties after the fall of the Zhou?

• Confucian teachings

• Mandate of Heaven

• Daoist principles

• Legalist laws