Scientific Theories and Historical Perspectives

The video explores the evolution of scientific theories, from Newtonian physics to Einstein's relativity and quantum mechanics, challenging the notion of science as a straightforward path to truth. It discusses philosophical debates on scientific realism and instrumentalism, highlighting the continuity in mathematical structures despite changes in metaphysical views. The video emphasizes the importance of understanding the historical context of scientific revolutions and the ongoing quest for truth in science.

What was the Enlightenment view of science?

• A way to control nature

• A path to discovering universal truths

• A method to accumulate wealth

• A means to create art

What did the Enlightenment thinkers believe about science?

• It was a religious practice

• It was a way to accumulate power

• It was a form of entertainment

• It was a path to truth

Which scientific theory challenged Newton's ideas in the early 20th century?

• Darwin's theory of evolution

• Einstein's theory of relativity

• Maxwell's electromagnetic theory

• Bohr's atomic model

How did Einstein's theory differ from Newton's?

• It was based on classical mechanics

• It introduced the concept of absolute time

• It negated action at a distance

• It supported the ether theory

What is the main argument of scientific realism?

• Scientific theories are only for academic purposes

• Scientific theories are irrelevant

• Scientific theories are true reflections of reality

• Scientific theories are mere opinions

What is instrumentalism in the context of scientific theories?

• The notion that theories are irrelevant

• The idea that theories are absolute truths

• The belief that theories are tools for prediction

• The concept that theories are religious beliefs

What did Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism replace?

• The theory of relativity

• The atomic theory

• The theory of gravity

• The ether theory of light

What was a major shift in the understanding of light from the 19th to the 20th century?

• From ether to electromagnetic field theory

• From particle to wave theory

• From wave to particle theory

• From electromagnetic to ether theory

What does the continuity in scientific theories primarily refer to?

• Consistency in metaphysical images

• Stability in scientific funding

• Continuity in mathematical structures

• Unchanging scientific laws

Why does NASA still use Newtonian physics?

• It is cheaper to implement

• It is simpler and sufficient for their needs

• It is more accurate than Einstein's theory

• It is the only theory they understand