Soil Science Concepts and Applications

Soils are vital to civilization, serving as the foundation for agriculture and ecosystems. Their properties, influenced by climate, rock, and topography, vary widely. Soil classification systems, like those by USDA and FAO, help in understanding these properties. Soil biology, including the microbiome, plays a crucial role in ecosystem health. Maintaining soil health is essential for sustainable agriculture, requiring balanced pH, moisture, and nutrients. Challenges include erosion and nutrient depletion, but healthy soils are key to global ecosystem services.

What factors contribute to the diversity of soils on Earth?

• Climate, rock, and topography

• Only topography

• Only climate

• Only rock

Who is considered a pioneer in the field of soil science?

• Charles Darwin

• Norman Borlaug

• Albert Howard

• Vasily Dokuchaev

Which of the following is NOT a basis for soil classification?

• Color

• Texture

• Height

• Smell

How does the soil microbiome contribute to soil health?

• By storing water

• By reducing soil pH

• By processing organic inputs

• By increasing soil temperature

What percentage of global ecosystem services is linked to soil functions?

• 80%

• 70%

• 60%

• 50%

What pH range is ideal for most plants to thrive?

• Highly alkaline

• Highly acidic

• Slightly acidic to neutral

• Neutral to alkaline

What is cation exchange capacity a measure of?

• Soil's organic matter content

• Soil's ability to store nutrients

• Soil's water retention capacity

• Soil's pH level

Which soil type is known for having inherently favorable properties?

• Black Earths

• Clay soils

• Sandy soils

• Peat soils

What is a major cause of land degradation?

• Erosion

• Decreased sunlight

• Increased rainfall

• Increased biodiversity

What role do farmers play in soil health?

• They act as Trustees of humankind

• They only grow crops

• They only manage water resources

• They only raise livestock