Anatomy of Swallowing and Digestion

The video tutorial covers the anatomy and functions of the oral cavity, including the tongue and teeth, and the role of salivary glands. It explains the swallowing process, detailing the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases. The structure and histology of the esophagus are discussed, along with a clinical note on GERD, its symptoms, causes, and treatments.

What forms the roof of the oral cavity?

• The nasal cavity

• The hard and soft palate

• The tongue

• The epiglottis

Which type of teeth are used for cutting food?

• Molars

• Premolars

• Canines

• Incisors

Where are the sublingual glands located?

• Underneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth

• Above the tongue

• Behind the epiglottis

• Near the nasal cavity

What is the primary function of saliva?

• To moisten food and begin digestion

• To aid in fat digestion

• To lubricate the esophagus

• To break down proteins

During which phase of swallowing is the food bolus moved to the back of the tongue?

• Pharyngeal phase

• Gastric phase

• Oral phase

• Esophageal phase

What prevents food from entering the nasal passages during swallowing?

• The hard palate

• The tongue

• The soft palate

• The epiglottis

What is the role of peristalsis in the esophagus?

• To break down food

• To push the food bolus towards the stomach

• To absorb nutrients

• To produce digestive enzymes

Which layer of the esophagus contains circular and longitudinal involuntary muscle layers?

• Mucosa

• Submucosa

• Adventitia

• Muscularis externa

What is a common symptom of GERD?

• Nausea

• Constipation

• Heartburn

• Diarrhea

What can cause a hiatal hernia?

• Stomach moving above the diaphragm

• Increased stomach acid

• Excessive saliva production

• Weak esophageal muscles