Nucleotide Structure and DNA Function

The video discusses the structure of nucleic acids, focusing on DNA and RNA. It covers the basics of genetics, the composition of nucleotides, and the structure of DNA, including the sugar-phosphate backbone and antiparallel strands. The video explains complementary base pairing and the process of DNA replication, emphasizing the importance of these structures and processes in heredity and cell division.

What is the primary focus of genetics?

• The study of chemical reactions

• The study of heredity and genetic factors

• The study of animal behavior

• The study of plant growth

Which of the following is a component of nucleotides?

• Nitrogenous base

• Glucose

• Amino acids

• Fatty acids

Which sugar is found in RNA nucleotides?

• Fructose

• Deoxyribose

• Glucose

• Ribose

What distinguishes purines from pyrimidines?

• Purines have a single ring structure

• Pyrimidines have two ring structures

• Purines have two ring structures

• Pyrimidines are not found in DNA

What is the significance of the 'prime' notation in carbon numbering?

• It indicates the number of hydrogen atoms

• It differentiates between DNA and RNA

• It shows the number of oxygen atoms

• It distinguishes sugar carbons from base carbons

How are adjacent nucleotides in a DNA strand connected?

• By hydrogen bonds

• By peptide bonds

• By phosphodiester bonds

• By ionic bonds

What is the orientation of the two DNA strands called?

• Parallel

• Antiparallel

• Perpendicular

• Convergent

Which base pairs with adenine in RNA?

• Guanine

• Uracil

• Cytosine

• Thymine

What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

• Quadruple helix

• Triple helix

• Double helix

• Single helix

During DNA replication, what serves as a template for building a new strand?

• The ribose sugar

• The sugar-phosphate backbone

• The nitrogenous bases

• The existing DNA strand