Valence Electrons and Chemical Properties

Ms. Crisafulli explains valence electrons, their role in chemical properties, and how to determine them using group numbers. She covers electron dot structures, the octet rule, and the formation of ions, illustrating how atoms achieve noble gas configurations through electron gain or loss.

What determines the chemical properties of an element?

• The number of protons

• The number of neutrons

• The number of valence electrons

• The atomic mass

Which group of elements has one valence electron?

• Group 1A

• Group 3A

• Group 2A

• Group 4A

How many valence electrons do carbon and silicon have?

• Six

• Four

• Two

• Eight

What is the purpose of electron dot structures?

• To indicate the number of neutrons

• To show the atomic mass

• To illustrate valence electrons

• To display the number of protons

In electron dot structures, how many dots surround a noble gas element?

• Two

• Six

• Four

• Eight

What does the octet rule state?

• Atoms tend to have a full d orbital

• Atoms tend to lose electrons to become stable

• Atoms tend to have an odd number of electrons

• Atoms tend to gain or share electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration

Who proposed the octet rule?

• Marie Curie

• Dmitri Mendeleev

• Gilbert Lewis

• Niels Bohr

What happens to sodium when it forms a positive ion?

• It gains a proton

• It loses an electron

• It gains an electron

• It loses a proton

What is the charge of a fluoride ion?

• Positive one

• Negative one

• Positive two

• Negative two

How many electrons does fluorine gain to achieve a noble gas configuration?

• Four

• One

• Two

• Three