Enlightenment Era Concepts and Figures

The video explores Europe's transition from the 17th century's violent conflicts to a more structured political landscape in the 18th century. It highlights the rise of small professional armies, the establishment of treaties, and the emergence of national heroes. The Age of Absolutism is discussed, focusing on monarchies like France under Louis XIV. Britain's political evolution, including the Glorious Revolution, is covered, alongside Russia's expansion under Peter the Great. The Enlightenment's influence on arts and sciences is also examined, setting the stage for modern Europe.

What was the primary focus of European conflicts in the 18th century?

• Economic trade routes

• Colonial expansion

• Establishing political hierarchies

• Religious dominance

Which country is most closely associated with the Age of Absolutism?

• Portugal

• Italy

• France

• Spain

What significant political change occurred in Britain during the Glorious Revolution?

• Union with Ireland

• Abolition of the monarchy

• Introduction of a constitutional monarchy

• Establishment of a republic

Under which ruler did Russia become a police state?

• Catherine the Great

• Ivan the Terrible

• Peter the Great

• Nicholas II

What was the Enlightenment's approach to previous centuries' excesses?

• Embrace and expand

• Revive and celebrate

• Reject and build upon Renaissance advances

• Ignore and focus on new ideas

Which philosopher is known for establishing the basis for modern philosophy during the Enlightenment?

• Rene Descartes

• Immanuel Kant

• John Locke

• David Hume

Who made significant contributions to physics during the Enlightenment?

• Albert Einstein

• Niels Bohr

• Isaac Newton

• Galileo Galilei

Which composer is associated with defining classical music styles during the Enlightenment?

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

• All of the above

• Ludwig van Beethoven

• Johann Sebastian Bach

Who introduced the scientific method to the study of human affairs?

• Francis Bacon, René Descartes, and Isaac Newton

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu

• John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume

• Thomas Hobbes, John Stuart Mill, and Jeremy Bentham

Which economist is known for his contributions during the Enlightenment?

• John Maynard Keynes

• Adam Smith

• Karl Marx

• Milton Friedman