Gene Expression and Mutation Types

The video tutorial covers gene expression, focusing on the translation process where mRNA is translated into proteins. It explains the role of tRNA and anticodons in this process and discusses the impact of mutations on protein function, using sickle cell anemia as an example. Different types of mutations, such as substitution, deletion, and frameshift, are also explored.

What is the primary purpose of gene expression?

• To replicate DNA

• To transcribe RNA into DNA

• To mutate genetic sequences

• To convert genetic information into proteins

What is the main function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?

• To replicate RNA

• To transfer amino acids to the ribosome

• To mutate DNA sequences

• To transcribe DNA into RNA

Which part of the ribosome is responsible for binding the growing peptide chain?

• The A site

• The P site

• The small subunit

• The E site

During translation, what happens when a stop codon is reached?

• The ribosome starts a new polypeptide chain

• The tRNA is recycled back to the nucleus

• The polypeptide chain is released and translation stops

• The ribosome continues to add amino acids

What is the effect of a silent mutation on a protein?

• It has no effect on the protein

• It introduces a premature stop codon

• It causes a frameshift mutation

• It changes the protein's function

Which type of mutation results in a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein?

• Silent mutation

• Frameshift mutation

• Nonsense mutation

• Missense mutation

What is a frameshift mutation?

• A mutation that changes one nucleotide

• A mutation that adds or removes nucleotides, altering the reading frame

• A mutation that has no effect on the protein

• A mutation that introduces a stop codon

How does a nonsense mutation affect protein synthesis?

• It changes one amino acid in the protein

• It introduces a stop codon, terminating protein synthesis prematurely

• It has no effect on the protein

• It results in a longer protein

What is the consequence of a missense mutation?

• It has no effect on the protein

• It results in a frameshift

• It introduces a stop codon

• It changes one amino acid in the protein

Which mutation type is most likely to cause sickle cell anemia?

• Silent mutation

• Missense mutation

• Frameshift mutation

• Nonsense mutation