Persian Wars and the Battle of Marathon

The Battle of Marathon was a pivotal conflict between the Greeks and Persians. The Persians, led by Darius, sought to punish Athens for supporting a rebellion. Despite being outnumbered, the Greeks, under General Miltiades, used strategic positioning and tactics to defeat the Persians. The victory was significant, leading to the construction of the Parthenon and influencing Western culture. Pheidippides' legendary run to Athens inspired the modern marathon.

What was the primary reason for the Persian attack on Athens?

• To establish a new trade route

• To gain control of Greek resources

• To expand their empire

• To punish Athens for supporting a rebellion

Who was the former Greek tyrant that accompanied the Persians?

• Hippias

• Pheidippides

• Leonidas

• Miltiades

Why did the Spartans delay their assistance to Athens?

• They did not want to help Athens

• They were celebrating a religious festival

• They were engaged in another battle

• They were waiting for more troops

What was the Persian strategy involving their cavalry?

• To sail to Athens and attack the city

• To attack the Greek flanks

• To scout the Greek positions

• To reinforce their main army

How did General Miltiades plan to counter the Persian forces?

• By seeking help from other Greek cities

• By using a naval blockade

• By stretching the Greek phalanxes

• By retreating to Athens

What unexpected tactic did Miltiades order during the battle?

• A rapid charge across the battlefield

• A retreat to higher ground

• A flanking maneuver

• A night attack

What was the outcome of the battle for the Persian forces?

• They captured Athens

• They retreated to their ships

• They defeated the Greeks

• They received reinforcements

What was Pheidippides' role after the battle?

• He led the Greek army

• He negotiated peace with Persia

• He ran to Athens to announce victory

• He organized the defense of Athens

What was built in Athens as a tribute to the gods after the victory?

• The Acropolis

• The Parthenon

• The Oracle of Delphi

• The Temple of Zeus

What cultural significance does the Battle of Marathon hold?

• It preserved the essence of Western culture

• It led to the fall of Athens

• It was the beginning of the Roman Empire

• It marked the end of the Persian Empire