Homologous Chromosomes and Genetic Terms

The video tutorial explains key genetic terms such as diploid, haploid, and homologous chromosomes. It describes how chromosomes and genes are organized in organisms, using examples of made-up organisms to illustrate these concepts. The tutorial also covers how genetic information is transferred from parents to offspring, emphasizing the importance of having a complete set of chromosomes. Definitions and examples of diploid and haploid are provided, along with a detailed explanation of homologous chromosomes and their characteristics.

What are the terms that often confuse students in this chapter?

• Genes, alleles, and traits

• DNA, RNA, and proteins

• Mitosis, meiosis, and cytokinesis

• Diploid, haploid, and homologous chromosomes

In the made-up organism example, how many chromosomes are represented in its body cell nucleus?

• Two chromosomes

• Four chromosomes

• Six chromosomes

• Eight chromosomes

Why does the organism have two genes for body color?

• To provide backup in case one gene fails

• To ensure genetic diversity

• Because it receives one gene from each parent

• To allow for different color expressions

What must each parent provide to form a viable offspring?

• Two identical chromosomes

• One set of chromosomes

• Three sets of chromosomes

• Four random chromosomes

What does the term 'diploid' refer to in an organism?

• One set of chromosomes

• Three sets of chromosomes

• Two sets of chromosomes

• Four sets of chromosomes

How is the haploid number represented in terms of the diploid number?

• N = 4N

• N = 3N

• N = 2N / 2

• N = 2N

What defines homologous chromosomes?

• Same length, same centromere position, and same gene loci

• Different lengths, different centromere positions, and different gene loci

• Same length, different centromere positions, and same gene loci

• Different lengths, same centromere positions, and different gene loci

What is the diploid number of the otter example given?

• Eight chromosomes

• Six chromosomes

• Four chromosomes

• Ten chromosomes

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of homologous chromosomes?

• Exist as pairs

• Different gene loci

• Same centromere position

• Same length

What is the haploid number of the otter example?

• Eight

• Six

• Four

• Two