Prokaryotes, Viruses, and Bacterial Processes

This lesson covers the diversity of living things, focusing on microorganisms such as archaea, bacteria, and viruses. It explains the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the unique characteristics of archaea, and the traits and functions of bacteria. The lesson also details how bacteria reproduce and exchange DNA, and how viruses replicate inside host cells. The importance of understanding these microorganisms is highlighted, along with their roles in various environments.

What is the primary difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

• Eukaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotes have them.

• Prokaryotes lack a nucleus, eukaryotes have one.

• Eukaryotes are always unicellular, prokaryotes are not.

• Prokaryotes have a nucleus, eukaryotes do not.

Which domain of prokaryotes is known for having unique chemicals in their cell walls?

• Bacteria

• Archaea

• Eukaryotes

• Viruses

How do bacteria that are producers obtain their energy?

• By decomposing dead matter

• By consuming other organisms

• Through photosynthesis

• By forming endospores

What is the process called when a single bacterial cell splits into two identical cells?

• Transduction

• Conjugation

• Transformation

• Binary fission

Which method of genetic exchange involves a virus injecting DNA into a bacterium?

• Conjugation

• Transduction

• Transformation

• Binary fission

What is a key characteristic of viruses that differentiates them from living organisms?

• They maintain homeostasis.

• They contain genetic material but do not perform life functions.

• They perform life functions.

• They can replicate independently.

How do viruses replicate?

• By binary fission

• By using a host cell

• By photosynthesis

• By consuming nutrients

What happens during the lytic cycle of a virus?

• The virus exchanges DNA with another virus.

• The virus becomes dormant.

• The virus forms a protective coating.

• The host cell replicates the virus's DNA and eventually bursts.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?

• They can cause diseases.

• They can grow and respond to stimuli.

• They contain genetic material.

• They need a host cell to replicate.

What is the term for a virus that spreads globally causing widespread illness?

• Epidemic

• Pandemic

• Endemic

• Outbreak