Islamic History and Key Concepts

Islam, the youngest of the major monotheistic religions, was founded by Muhammad in the 7th century. It emphasizes surrender to Allah and follows five key principles. The Quran and Hadith are its main texts. Islam spread rapidly through the Arabian Peninsula and beyond, under the leadership of caliphs. The Islamic Golden Age saw significant cultural and scientific advancements. The Crusades and Mongol invasions challenged Islamic power, but the Ottoman Empire later rose to prominence. Modern history includes the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the rise of new Muslim states. Today, Islam is diverse, advocating peace despite some associating it with terrorism.

What does the word 'Islam' mean in Arabic?

• Peace

• Surrender

• Faith

• Unity

Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam?

• Shahada

• Salat

• Jihad

• Zakat

Who was forced to flee to Yathrib, which is now known as Medina?

• Abu Bakr

• Umar

• Ali

• Muhammad

Which group of Muslims only recognizes Caliph Ali?

• Sufi

• Ahmadi

• Shia

• Sunni

What was a significant factor in the spread of Islam into East Asia?

• Migration

• Missionary work

• Trade

• Military conquest

Which city became the largest in the world during the Islamic Golden Age?

• Cairo

• Baghdad

• Damascus

• Cordoba

Who led the Muslims during the Third Crusade?

• Genghis Khan

• Harun al-Rashid

• Saladin

• Tamerlane

Which empire claimed a Muslim Caliphate after conquering the Byzantine Empire?

• Safavid Empire

• Ottoman Empire

• Mongol Empire

• Mughal Empire

Which dynasty converted Iran from Sunni to Shia Islam?

• Umayyad

• Safavid

• Abbasid

• Ottoman

Which event marked the end of the Islamic Golden Age?

• The Black Death

• The Crusades

• The Mongol invasions

• The rise of the Ottomans