DNA Structure and Function Concepts

The video tutorial explains the differences between DNA, genes, chromosomes, and the genome. It begins with an overview of DNA, describing its double helix structure and nucleotide composition. The tutorial then delves into genes, explaining how specific DNA sequences code for proteins and RNA. It covers the packaging of DNA into chromosomes, highlighting the role of histone proteins and nucleosomes. Finally, the video defines the genome as the complete set of an organism's DNA, including nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and explains how genetic information is organized within chromosomes.

What is the basic structural form of DNA?

• Quadruple helix

• Single helix

• Double helix

• Triple helix

Which of the following is a function of genes?

• To transport oxygen

• To code for specific proteins and RNA

• To provide structural support

• To store energy

How is DNA packaged within the nucleus?

• It is wrapped around histone proteins

• It is stored in vacuoles

• It floats freely

• It is dissolved in the cytoplasm

What is the role of histone proteins in DNA packaging?

• They transport DNA out of the cell

• They dissolve DNA

• They provide energy for DNA replication

• They help in the condensation of DNA

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

• 22 pairs

• 23 pairs

• 25 pairs

• 24 pairs

What is the total length of DNA in a human cell nucleus?

• 1 meter

• 4 meters

• 2 meters

• 3 meters

What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

• Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, haploid have one

• Diploid cells have one set of chromosomes, haploid have two

• Diploid cells are larger than haploid cells

• Diploid cells are only found in plants, haploid in animals

What does the term 'genome' refer to?

• The protein content of a cell

• The complete set of DNA in an organism

• A single chromosome

• A single gene

Which organelle besides the nucleus contains DNA in humans?

• Golgi apparatus

• Mitochondria

• Ribosome

• Endoplasmic reticulum

How is genetic information organized within the genome?

• Randomly scattered

• Stored in the cytoplasm

• Divided into chromosomes

• Encoded in lipids