Political Ideologies and Social Change in 19th Century Europe

The video explores the emergence of new political ideologies in 19th century Europe, influenced by the Industrial and French Revolutions. It covers liberalism, emphasizing individual rights and limited government, with key figures like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Socialism is discussed in its utopian and scientific forms, highlighting thinkers like Karl Marx and the impact of the Communist Manifesto. Anarchism is also examined, focusing on figures like Mikhail Bakunin and the concept of syndicalism.

What major events contributed to the social and political upheaval in Europe during the 19th century?

• The Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution

• The Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution

• The American Civil War and the Renaissance

• The Napoleonic Wars and the Reformation

Which philosopher is associated with the development of utilitarianism, a key concept in liberalism?

• John Locke

• Jeremy Bentham

• Karl Marx

• Adam Smith

What was the primary focus of classical liberalism during the 19th century?

• Collective ownership of property

• Individual rights and limited government

• Expansion of colonial empires

• Religious reform and revival

Which movement in England pushed for universal male suffrage in response to liberalism's limitations?

• The Chartist Movement

• The Labour Party

• The Suffragette Movement

• The Fabian Society

What is the main difference between utopian socialism and scientific socialism?

• Utopian socialism is a 20th-century concept, while scientific socialism originated in the 19th century.

• Utopian socialism supports capitalism, while scientific socialism opposes it.

• Utopian socialism is based on scientific principles, while scientific socialism is idealistic.

• Utopian socialism focuses on gradual reform, while scientific socialism advocates for revolution.

Who is considered the father of scientific socialism?

• Friedrich Engels

• Karl Marx

• Robert Owen

• Henri de Saint-Simon

According to Marx, what is the driving force of history?

• Political revolutions

• Class struggle over economic wealth

• Religious movements

• Technological innovation

What ideology advocates for the abolition of all forms of governmental authority?

• Conservatism

• Anarchism

• Liberalism

• Socialism

Which Russian revolutionary is known for his advocacy of anarchism?

• Vladimir Lenin

• Mikhail Bakunin

• Nikolai Bukharin

• Leon Trotsky

What did Georges Sorel believe should happen to property after the overthrow of governing authorities?

• It should be distributed among the aristocracy.

• It should be nationalized by the state.

• It should be transferred to labor unions.

• It should remain with private owners.