From DNA to Proteins: The Journey of Genetic Information

Mr. Andersen explains the processes of transcription and translation in biology, using a cooking analogy to illustrate how DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into proteins. He discusses the central dogma developed by Francis Crick, detailing the steps of transcription in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm. The video also covers the roles of RNA polymerase, ribosomes, and transfer RNA in protein synthesis, and concludes with a demonstration of decoding a gene from DNA to protein.

What is the primary role of DNA in the cell?

• To transport proteins

• To store genetic information

• To provide energy

• To break down nutrients

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

• DNA to proteins to RNA

• DNA to RNA to proteins

• RNA to DNA to proteins

• Proteins to RNA to DNA

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

• In the mitochondria

• In the cytoplasm

• In the ribosome

• In the nucleus

What enzyme is responsible for creating mRNA from DNA?

• DNA polymerase

• RNA polymerase

• Helicase

• Ligase

What is added to mRNA to protect it after transcription?

• A 5' cap and poly-A tail

• A 3' cap and poly-G tail

• A 5' tail and poly-C cap

• A 3' tail and poly-T cap

What is the function of a ribosome during translation?

• To replicate DNA

• To synthesize lipids

• To assemble proteins

• To degrade mRNA

How many nucleotides form a codon in mRNA?

• Five

• Three

• Two

• Four

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

• To transcribe DNA

• To carry amino acids to the ribosome

• To replicate RNA

• To degrade proteins

What is the start codon for protein synthesis?

• UAA

• CAA

• AUG

• GAG

What happens when a stop codon is reached during translation?

• The ribosome continues to add amino acids

• The ribosome degrades the mRNA

• The ribosome starts a new protein

• The ribosome releases the polypeptide chain