The Essential Role of Water and Carbon in Life Processes

The video tutorial covers key topics in AP Biology, starting with the structure of water and hydrogen bonding, highlighting water's polarity and unique properties. It then discusses the elements of life, emphasizing carbon's role in organic molecules and the concept of isomers. The introduction to biological macromolecules explains polymers and monomers, focusing on dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. The tutorial details the monomers of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, and explores biological polymers like polysaccharides and polypeptides, explaining protein structure. Finally, it covers nucleic acids, describing DNA and RNA structures and their components.

What property of water allows it to stick to other polar surfaces?

• Non-polarity

• Low specific heat

• Cohesion

• Adhesion

Why is carbon considered the backbone of organic molecules?

• It can form up to four covalent bonds

• It is non-reactive

• It can form ionic bonds

• It is a metal

What is the process called when monomers are linked to form polymers?

• Hydrolysis

• Dehydration synthesis

• Oxidation

• Reduction

Which of the following is a monomer of carbohydrates?

• Fatty acid

• Monosaccharide

• Amino acid

• Nucleotide

What type of bond links amino acids together in proteins?

• Hydrogen bond

• Peptide bond

• Ionic bond

• Glycosidic bond

What is the main characteristic of lipids?

• They are ionic

• They are polar

• They are acidic

• They are nonpolar

Which sugar is found in the structure of DNA?

• Fructose

• Deoxyribose

• Glucose

• Ribose

What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA?

• A, C, G, T

• A, C, G, U

• A, G, T, U

• C, G, T, U

What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines?

• Purines are acidic, pyrimidines are basic

• Purines have one ring, pyrimidines have two

• Purines have two rings, pyrimidines have one

• Purines are nonpolar, pyrimidines are polar

In RNA, which base pairs with adenine?

• Thymine

• Cytosine

• Uracil

• Guanine