The Race for Absolute Zero: Laser Cooling

The video tutorial explores the concept of absolute zero, the temperature at which atomic motion ceases. It discusses early 20th-century experiments that approached this limit using liquefied gases. In the 1990s, new methods like laser and evaporative cooling allowed scientists to reach unprecedented low temperatures. The video highlights the competition between research teams from Colorado and MIT, culminating in a Nobel Prize-winning achievement in 1995. It concludes with ongoing efforts to push the boundaries of cooling to the absolute limits.

How did Ketali's achievement in cooling substances compare to that of Cornell and Wyman?

What challenges do physicists face in reaching absolute zero?