Extraction Methods - Bioleaching & Phytomining

Copper is a valuable metal used in various applications. It is mostly found in ores, which can be high or low grade. Due to extensive mining, copper availability is decreasing, necessitating efficient extraction methods. Bioleaching uses bacteria to extract copper, offering energy efficiency but is slow. Phytomining involves plants absorbing copper from soil, which is then extracted by burning the plants. This method is useful for contaminated lands but requires further purification.

What is the main disadvantage of traditional copper extraction methods?

How does phytomining extract copper from low grade ores?