Ionization Energy Insights Looking at Trends in Elements in Group IV

The video discusses the ionization energy trends in the carbon family, noting a decrease from carbon to lead. Carbon has high ionization energy due to its small size and high electronegativity. As we move down the group, ionization energy decreases due to increased atomic size. Germanium and tin show reduced ionization energy due to filled 3D and 4D orbitals, while lead has the lowest ionization energy due to effective screening by filled 4F orbitals.

What is the reason for the decrease in ionization energy in germanium and tin?

Discuss the effect of complete filling of orbitals on ionization energy in lead.