Fermentation

Fermentation occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, producing 2 ATP. It involves glycolysis and the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid or ethyl alcohol. NAD+ is crucial for glycolysis, and its regeneration is essential for continued ATP production. Alcoholic fermentation, used in brewing and baking, involves converting pyruvate to ethanol and CO2. Lactic acid fermentation, occurring in muscles during intense exercise, leads to lactate accumulation and muscle fatigue.

What is the energy yield of fermentation?

Describe the role of NAD+ in glycolysis and fermentation.

Explain the two steps involved in alcoholic fermentation.

What are the end products of alcoholic fermentation?

What happens to pyruvate during lactic acid fermentation?

How does lactic acid fermentation differ from alcoholic fermentation?

What causes muscle fatigue during vigorous exercise?