Honey: Bacteria's Worst Enemy

Honey is more than just a sweetener; it's a powerful antibacterial agent. Its low water content and high sugar concentration make it inhospitable to bacteria. Bees add glucose oxidase, which produces gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide, further enhancing honey's antibacterial properties. Some honeys contain bee defensin-1 and methylglyoxal, adding to their potency. However, honey can contain botulinum spores, posing a risk to infants. For adults, honey remains a safe and effective antibacterial food.

Explain how bee defensin-1 contributes to the antibacterial properties of honey.

Why is honey not safe for infants under one year old?