How Problematic Are Negative Rates to Central Banks?

The video discusses the concept of negative interest rates, explaining that they function more like a fiscal policy than a traditional monetary policy. Negative rates are described as a tax on savings, banks, and large depositors, which has led to complex policy responses from the ECB, such as the TLTRO program. The impact of these rates is seen in Switzerland, where banks have raised mortgage rates to compensate for the tax. The video also explores the challenges faced by European banks in making profits in a financial system with prolonged negative rates.

In what way have mortgage rates been affected by negative interest rates in Switzerland?

What attempts did the ECB make to support banks in a system with negative interest rates?