Mechanisms of Evolution

The video tutorial explains how genetic variation leads to evolution through mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift. Mutations introduce new gene types, which can be passed to offspring if they occur in sex cells. Natural selection promotes beneficial mutations, as seen in the evolution of polar bears. Genetic drift, on the other hand, changes gene frequency by chance, affecting species evolution without necessarily improving fitness.

What is the main process through which new gene types arise?

Describe how a mutation in ancestral brown bears led to the evolution of polar bears.

How do mutations affect the survival of a species?

What role does natural selection play in the evolution of species?

Explain the difference between natural selection and genetic drift.