Caldera

Calderas form when a magma chamber empties, causing the roof to collapse. These structures can span tens to hundreds of kilometers and often form after explosive eruptions, such as the Toba caldera 75,000 years ago.

What is the primary cause of a caldera's formation?

• Earthquake activity

• Erosion by water

• Landslides

• Collapse of a magma chamber's roof

How large can calderas typically be?

• Several kilometers long

• A few meters wide

• Tens or hundreds of kilometers long

• Thousands of kilometers long

What natural event can lead to the formation of a caldera?

• A volcanic eruption

• A hurricane

• A tsunami

• A drought

Which historical caldera formation is mentioned in the video?

• Mount St. Helens

• Vesuvius

• Krakatoa

• Toba

Approximately how many years ago did the Toba caldera form?

• 75,000 years ago

• 100,000 years ago

• 50,000 years ago

• 10,000 years ago