Empiricism Part 2: Locke, Hume, and Voltaire

The video explores the development of empiricism during the Enlightenment, highlighting key figures like John Locke, David Hume, Voltaire, and John Stuart Mill. Locke's ideas on the mind as a blank slate influenced psychology and epistemology. Hume emphasized emotions over reason and critiqued induction, leading to utilitarianism. Voltaire critiqued rationalism, advocating for empirical analysis. Mill supported a naturalistic worldview, favoring inductive reasoning. The video concludes with the transition to idealism, influenced by Kant.

What was one of John Locke's key ideas about the human mind?

• The mind is a blank slate at birth.

• The mind is a complex machine.

• The mind is pre-filled with innate ideas.

• The mind is influenced by divine intervention.

How did David Hume view the role of emotions in human intellect?

• Emotions are irrelevant to intellect.

• Emotions and reason are equally important.

• Emotions are secondary to reason.

• Emotions are primary over reason.

What is Hume's Law also known as?

• The law of causation

• The is-ought gap

• The principle of induction

• The rationalist critique

What did Voltaire criticize about the rationalist position?

• It was too focused on empirical evidence.

• It assumed a perfect society.

• It ignored the role of emotions.

• It was too optimistic about human nature.

How did John Stuart Mill view the relationship between ideas and factual connections?

• Ideas are independent of language.

• Ideas are purely imaginative.

• Ideas must have factual connections.

• Ideas can exist without factual connections.

What literary technique did Voltaire use to explore philosophical arguments?

• Irony

• Metaphor

• Satire

• Allegory

What was Kant's reaction to Hume's philosophical ideas?

• He found them irrelevant.

• He fully agreed with them.

• He was awakened from his dogmatic slumber.

• He ignored them.