The Axis | Detailed Anatomy of the C2 Vertebra

The video tutorial explores the anatomy of the C2 vertebra, also known as the axis, and its relationship with the C1 vertebra, or atlas. It details the two sets of joints formed between these vertebrae: the lateral atlantoaxial joints and the median atlantoaxial joint. The tutorial explains how to identify the superior and inferior parts of the C2 vertebra, focusing on the dens, also called the odontoid process. It also covers the transverse processes, foramina, and the role of the vertebral artery. The video concludes with a discussion on the pivot joint formed by the dens and its function in neck rotation.

What is the primary function of the pivot joint formed by the dens and the median facet of the atlas?

• To stabilize the spine

• To enable lateral bending

• To support the skull

• To allow neck rotation

How can you determine the superior aspect of the axis?

• By the size of the spinous process

• By the direction of the dens

• By the position of the transverse foramina

• By the shape of the vertebral body

Which feature of the axis is bifid?

• The spinous process

• The transverse process

• The dens

• The pedicle

What is unique about the transverse processes of the axis?

• They are angled upward

• They lack transverse foramina

• They are angled downward

• They are fused with the spinous process

Through which structure does the vertebral artery pass in the axis?

• The lateral mass

• The pedicle

• The spinous process

• The transverse foramen

What is the role of the transverse ligaments in relation to the dens?

• They stabilize the dens against the median facet

• They allow the dens to rotate freely

• They connect the dens to the atlas

• They attach the dens to the spinous process

Which joint type is formed between the superior facets of C2 and the inferior facets of the atlas?

• Hinge joint

• Ball and socket joint

• Condyloid joint

• Saddle joint

What is the alternative name for the dens?

• Odontoid process

• Spinous process

• Transverse process

• Lateral mass

Which part of the axis articulates with the superior facets of C3?

• The inferior facets

• The spinous process

• The superior facets

• The transverse processes

What is the function of the lateral atlantoaxial joints?

• To allow flexion and extension

• To enable lateral bending

• To facilitate neck rotation

• To provide stability