Microcytic Anemia & Causes (Iron Deficiency, Thalassemia, Anemia of Chronic Disease, Lead Poisoning)

The video tutorial discusses microcytic anemia, focusing on its causes and diagnosis. It covers the importance of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in diagnosing anemia types and details the mnemonic 'TAILS' for remembering microcytic anemia causes: Thalassemia, Anemia of chronic disease, Iron deficiency, Lead poisoning, and Sideroblastic anemia. Each condition is explained, including their specific symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and iron study results. The video also highlights the importance of iron studies in differentiating between these conditions.

What is the MCV range for microcytic anemia?

• 80 to 100

• Less than 80

• Greater than 100

• 80 to 120

Which mnemonic helps remember the causes of microcytic anemia?

• TILES

• TALES

• TAIL

• TAILS

Thalassemia is primarily a defect in which part of hemoglobin?

• Oxygen transport

• Heme synthesis

• Iron binding

• Globin chain

What is a characteristic blood smear finding in thalassemia?

• Hyperchromic microcytic anemia

• Hypochromic microcytic anemia

• Normochromic normocytic anemia

• Hyperchromic macrocytic anemia

Anemia of chronic disease is often associated with which condition?

• Chronic inflammation

• Vitamin deficiency

• Acute infection

• Dehydration

What is a key diagnostic feature of iron deficiency anemia?

• High ferritin

• Low ferritin

• High serum iron

• Normal ferritin

Which of the following is a common cause of iron deficiency anemia?

• Chronic kidney disease

• Lead poisoning

• Gastrointestinal bleeding

• Excessive iron intake

Lead poisoning affects which two enzymes in the heme synthesis pathway?

• Transaminase and dehydrogenase

• Ala dehydrates and ferrochelatase

• Heme oxygenase and catalase

• Peroxidase and reductase

What is a unique symptom of lead poisoning not common in other anemias?

• Pallor

• Abdominal pain

• Dyspnea

• Fatigue

Sideroblastic anemia is characterized by the presence of what in the bone marrow?

• Ringed sideroblasts

• Howell-Jolly bodies

• Basophilic stippling

• Heinz bodies