mTOR Signaling Pathway: Regulation by the Lysosome

The video tutorial covers the role of lysosomes and mTOR signaling in cellular processes. It begins with the discovery of lysosomes and their function in nutrient sensing. The tutorial explains mTOR complexes, their regulation by energy and nutrients, and their role in protein synthesis. It details the process of autophagy and how amino acids regulate mTOR through lysosomal machinery. The video also discusses the activation of mTOR and its impact on protein synthesis, including the regulation of initiation and elongation factors. The lesson concludes with a summary and a call to action for viewers.

Who discovered the lysosome and in what year?

• Christian de Duve in 1955

• Marie Curie in 1934

• Albert Einstein in 1921

• Isaac Newton in 1666

What is the full form of mTOR?

• Mammalian Target of Rapamycin

• Molecular Target of Ribosome

• Mammalian Target of Ribosome

• Mechanistic Target of Ribosome

Which protein complex is associated with Raptor?

• mTOR Complex 1

• mTOR Complex 2

• Ribosomal Complex

• Lysosomal Complex

What is the primary function of autophagy?

• To synthesize new proteins

• To replicate DNA

• To degrade intracellular proteins and organelles

• To transport nutrients

What role do amino acids play in mTOR regulation?

• They transport mTOR to the nucleus

• They degrade mTOR complexes

• They activate regulator proteins

• They inhibit mTOR activity

What is the function of rag proteins in mTOR signaling?

• They inhibit mTOR complex 1

• They activate mTOR complex 2

• They form heterodimers to activate mTOR complex 1

• They degrade lysosomal enzymes

Which protein is an energy sensor that negatively regulates mTOR complex 1?

• Raptor

• AKT

• Rag A

• AMPK

What is the role of EIF 4E in protein synthesis?

• It transports amino acids

• It promotes initiation of polypeptide synthesis

• It inhibits ribosome activity

• It degrades proteins

How does mTOR complex 1 affect 4EBP1?

• It inhibits 4EBP1

• It transports 4EBP1

• It activates 4EBP1

• It degrades 4EBP1

What is the role of EEF2 in protein synthesis?

• It degrades mTOR complexes

• It initiates protein synthesis

• It transports ribosomes

• It elongates the polypeptide chain