NASA’s Roman Mission Will Use Exploding Stars to Measure Cosmic Distances

Astronomers face challenges in measuring distances in the universe due to the similarity in appearance of galaxies at different distances. They use 'standard candles' like type 1a supernovae, which emit a known amount of light, to calculate distances. These supernovae involve white dwarfs in binary systems and are rare but observable across many galaxies. The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will enhance the observation of these events, improving distance measurement accuracy and understanding of the universe's expansion.

What is a standard candle in astronomy?

• An object or event with a known light output used to measure distance

• A method for calculating the age of stars

• A type of telescope used to observe distant galaxies

• A tool for mapping the surface of planets

Why are type 1a supernovae considered reliable standard candles?

• They are the brightest objects in the universe

• Their energy and light output are consistent

• They occur frequently in every galaxy

• They are easy to observe with any telescope

What triggers a type 1a supernova in a binary system?

• The explosion of a massive star

• The formation of a new star

• The collision of two galaxies

• The merging of two white dwarfs

How often do type 1a supernovae occur in the Milky Way?

• Once every 5,000 years

• Once every 50,000 years

• Once every 500 years

• Once every 50 years

What is the expected impact of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope on supernova observations?

• It will only observe supernovae in the Milky Way

• It will decrease the number of observed supernovae

• It will observe fewer supernovae than current telescopes

• It will significantly increase the number of observed supernovae