Fundamentals of Genetics: Dominant and Recessive Traits

The video explains Mendel's hypothesis on inheritance, where each trait is controlled by two genes, one from each parent. Dominant traits mask recessive ones, which can reappear in subsequent generations. The pea plant experiment demonstrates this, showing how tallness (dominant) masks shortness (recessive) in the first generation, but shortness reappears in the second generation. The video concludes with a question about the genetic makeup of short plants.

What did Mendel propose about the factors that determine traits?

• Traits are determined by random chance.

• Traits are determined by environmental factors only.

• Traits are determined by two factors, one from each parent.

• Each trait is determined by a single factor.

How is a dominant trait represented in Mendel's experiment?

• By a symbol.

• By a number.

• By a lowercase letter.

• By a capital letter.

What happens when a true breeding tall pea plant is crossed with a true breeding short pea plant?

• The offspring are a mix of tall and short plants.

• All offspring are tall.

• All offspring are short.

• Half of the offspring are tall, and half are short.

What is the genetic makeup of the offspring when a tall and short pea plant are crossed?

• Capital T, Capital T

• Capital T, Lowercase t

• Capital T, Capital T, Lowercase t

• Lowercase t, Lowercase t

What is the genetic composition of a short pea plant in Mendel's experiment?

• Capital T, Capital T

• Capital T, Capital T, Lowercase t

• Capital T, Lowercase t

• Lowercase t, Lowercase t