TED-ED: The philosophy of Stoicism - Massimo Pigliucci

The video explores the origins and principles of Stoicism, a philosophy founded by Zeno of Cyprus after a shipwreck in Athens. Stoicism emphasizes virtue, tolerance, and self-control, with key virtues being practical wisdom, temperance, justice, and courage. The philosophy has influenced many historical figures, including Marcus Aurelius and Nelson Mandela, and continues to impact modern psychology and self-help practices. Stoicism teaches that while we cannot control external events, we can control our responses, promoting a rational and virtuous approach to life.

What event led Zeno of Cyprus to develop the philosophy of Stoicism?

• A personal illness

• A philosophical debate

• A financial crisis

• A shipwreck in Athens

Which of the following is NOT one of the four cardinal virtues of Stoicism?

• Practical wisdom

• Temperance

• Generosity

• Courage

According to Stoicism, what is the term for the rational structure of the universe?

• Ethos

• Logos

• Mythos

• Pathos

How did Marcus Aurelius apply Stoicism during his reign as emperor?

• By avoiding all wars

• By isolating himself from political affairs

• By focusing solely on economic growth

• By leading with resolve through wars and personal loss

What was Nelson Mandela's approach after his release, influenced by Stoic principles?

• Seeking revenge

• Promoting peace and reconciliation

• Ignoring past injustices

• Focusing on economic policies

Which modern psychological approach is influenced by Stoic principles?

• Humanistic Therapy

• Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy

• Psychoanalysis

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

What did Epictetus believe was the source of human suffering?

• Physical pain

• External events

• Lack of wealth

• Our judgments about events