TED-ED: Why do whales sing? - Stephanie Sardelis

Underwater communication is challenging due to poor light and odor transmission, but sound travels faster in water, making it vital for marine mammals. Whales, particularly baleen species, use complex songs for communication. These songs are structured hierarchically and may serve purposes like attracting mates or marking territory. Whale songs are culturally transmitted and evolve over time. Human activities, such as boating and sonar, increase ocean noise, potentially disrupting whale communication. Reducing noise pollution could help preserve these vital communication channels.

Why is sound a more effective means of communication underwater compared to light and odors?

• Sound travels faster and farther in water.

• Light is absorbed quickly in water.

• Odors are dispersed by water currents.

• Sound is less affected by water pressure.

What anatomical feature allows baleen whales to produce their complex songs?

• Laryngeal sacs and U-shaped folds

• Vocal cords similar to humans

• Large lungs for air storage

• Specialized teeth for sound production

How do whale songs differ from other vocalizations made by marine mammals?

• They are louder and can be heard over longer distances.

• They are produced only during feeding.

• They are used only for echolocation.

• They have a complex structure with units, phrases, and themes.

What is one speculated purpose of whale songs during the mating season?

• To communicate with other species

• To attract potential mates

• To locate food sources

• To navigate through the ocean

How do whale songs evolve over time?

• By mimicking other marine animals

• By adding, changing, or dropping units and phrases

• Through genetic mutations

• Through changes in water temperature

What tool do scientists use to study whale songs and track species?

• Sonar devices

• Hydrophones

• Underwater cameras

• Satellite tracking

What is one way human activities are affecting whale communication?

• Decreasing food availability

• Creating noise pollution that interferes with communication

• Causing physical harm to whales

• Increasing water temperatures