Cells - Mitochondria

Mitochondria are essential organelles in cells, known for generating ATP through aerobic cellular respiration. They contain DNA and can self-replicate, suggesting an evolutionary origin from bacteria. Millions of years ago, a bacterial cell was engulfed by a eukaryotic ancestor, leading to the mitochondria's permanent role in eukaryotic cells.

What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?

• To produce ATP through aerobic respiration

• To store genetic information

• To synthesize proteins

• To transport nutrients

Why are mitochondria often referred to as the 'powerhouses' of the cell?

• They are the largest organelles in the cell

• They generate chemical energy in the form of ATP

• They contain the cell's genetic material

• They store energy in the form of glucose

What unique feature do mitochondria have that supports the theory of their bacterial origin?

• They are found only in plant cells

• They can photosynthesize

• They contain their own DNA and can self-replicate

• They are larger than other organelles

How do scientists believe mitochondria became a part of eukaryotic cells?

• Through a process of natural selection

• Through a mutation in the cell's DNA

• By being engulfed by a primitive eukaryotic cell

• By evolving from the cell's nucleus

What was the role of the bacterial cell in the endosymbiotic theory?

• It enabled the host cell to perform photosynthesis

• It allowed the host cell to carry out cellular respiration

• It helped the host cell to divide more rapidly

• It provided structural support to the host cell