The Queen Visits the Royal Society of Edinburgh

The video discusses the groundbreaking discovery of cancer stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by Professor Holyoak in 1999. It highlights her seminal observations in hemopoietic and stem cell biology, which have transformed the understanding and treatment of CML. The video also addresses the challenges in curing CML with kinase inhibitors alone and recognizes Professor Holyoak's contributions with a Royal Society of Edinburgh Royal Medal.

What significant discovery did Professor Holyoak make in the field of chronic myeloid leukemia?

• The role of white blood cells in CML

• The existence of cancer stem cells in CML

• A cure for CML

• A new type of leukemia

In what year did Professor Holyoak identify cancer stem cells in CML?

• 1995

• 2010

• 1999

• 2005

According to Professor Holyoak, why are kinase inhibitors alone insufficient to cure CML?

• They are not widely available

• They do not target cancer stem cells

• They are too expensive

• They cause severe side effects

What recognition did Professor Holyoak receive for her contributions to CML research?

• Pulitzer Prize

• Royal Society of Edinburgh Royal Medal

• National Science Foundation Award

• Nobel Prize

What was a focus of Professor Holyoak's work in developing new therapies for CML?

• Reducing treatment costs

• Shortening treatment duration

• Targeting cancer stem cells

• Increasing patient comfort