Hubble Science: Exoplanets, Alien Atmospheres

Exoplanets are hard to detect due to their small size and bright stars. Hubble helps by analyzing their atmospheres using the transit method, which requires precise timing. When a planet passes in front of its star, some starlight is absorbed by the planet's atmosphere. Hubble uses spectroscopy to identify absorbed wavelengths, revealing atmospheric composition. Hubble has detected elements like sodium and hydrogen, and evidence of methane and water vapor. This technique also measures atmospheric height, indicating its weight and composition. Hubble pioneered this method, now used by other observatories.

Why are exoplanets challenging to detect?

• They are too far from Earth.

• They are larger than stars.

• They emit their own light.

• They are small and orbit bright stars.

What is the primary purpose of the Hubble Space Telescope in exoplanet studies?

• To photograph exoplanets.

• To analyze the atmospheric composition of exoplanets.

• To measure the distance of exoplanets from Earth.

• To detect new exoplanets.

What is crucial for the transit method of observing exoplanets?

• The exoplanet must pass between its star and the observer.

• The exoplanet must be larger than its star.

• The exoplanet must emit light.

• The exoplanet must be stationary.

How does the Hubble Space Telescope determine the elements in an exoplanet's atmosphere?

• By analyzing the absorbed wavelengths of light.

• By calculating the planet's mass.

• By measuring the planet's temperature.

• By observing the planet's color.

What elements has Hubble detected in exoplanet atmospheres?

• Oxygen and nitrogen

• Sodium and hydrogen

• Carbon dioxide and helium

• Iron and nickel