Abdominal surface of the diaphragm

This tutorial covers the anatomy and function of the diaphragm, a key muscle in respiration. It explains the diaphragm's role in separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities, its structure including the central tendon, and the openings for major vessels and nerves. The video also discusses the blood supply from the inferior phrenic arteries and the nerve innervation by the phrenic and splanchnic nerves. Additionally, it highlights nearby muscles and clinical notes on conditions affecting the diaphragm.

What is the primary function of the diaphragm in the human body?

• To support the spinal column

• To aid in the breathing process

• To assist with digestion

• To separate the heart from the lungs

Which structure is NOT part of the thoracic cage?

• Sternum

• Lumbar vertebrae

• Coastal cartilages

• Ribs

What is the role of the central tendon in the diaphragm?

• To play a role in respiration

• To assist in digestion

• To store energy

• To protect the heart

Which opening in the diaphragm allows the esophagus to pass through?

• Hiatus of the vena cava

• Esophageal hiatus

• Aortic hiatus

• Pulmonary hiatus

At which vertebral level is the aortic hiatus located?

• T10

• T8

• T12

• L1

Which artery is NOT a branch of the celiac trunk?

• Inferior phrenic artery

• Splenic artery

• Left gastric artery

• Common hepatic artery

What is the main function of the phrenic nerve?

• To supply blood to the diaphragm

• To provide motor and sensory functions to the diaphragm

• To control the heart rate

• To regulate digestion

What condition can result from a lesion to the phrenic nerve?

• Kidney failure

• Heart attack

• Lung collapse

• Diaphragmatic paralysis

Which muscle is involved in hip flexion and is located near the diaphragm?

• Rectus abdominis

• Psoas major

• Latissimus dorsi

• Quadratus lumborum

What type of pain can be referred to the shoulder due to phrenic nerve irritation?

• Gastric pain

• Muscle strain

• Cardiac pain

• Referred pain from the diaphragm