The Tallest, Smallest, and Oldest Science of 2019

In 2019, scientists made groundbreaking discoveries across biology, physics, and geology. They found what might be the world's oldest fungus in Arctic Canada, dating back nearly a billion years. In physics, a new circuit was designed to detect the weakest possible radio signals using qubits, potentially enhancing technologies like MRI and radio astronomy. Geologists discovered massive underground peaks at the 660 km boundary in Earth's mantle, which could rival the Himalayas if on the surface. These findings highlight the continuous pursuit of understanding in science.

What significant discovery was made in Arctic Canada in 2019?

• The oldest known dinosaur fossils

• Microscopic fossils of the oldest known fungus

• Evidence of ancient human settlements

• A new species of marine life

What substance found in the fossils suggested they might be fungi?

• Keratin

• Chitin

• Lignin

• Cellulose

What was the main challenge in detecting the weakest radio signal?

• The need for a large antenna

• Detecting a single photon amidst noise

• Interference from other radio signals

• The high cost of equipment

What technology could benefit from the ability to detect a single photon?

• Thermal cameras

• X-ray machines

• MRI scanners

• Ultrasound devices

Where are the largest peaks on Earth potentially located?

• In the Himalayas

• On the Moon

• Under the ocean

• Within the Earth's mantle

What method did scientists use to study the 660-kilometer boundary?

• Satellite imaging

• Magnetic field measurement

• Drilling deep holes

• Seismic wave analysis

What might the chemical differences at the 660-kilometer boundary indicate?

• Presence of water

• Remains of ancient tectonic plates

• High levels of carbon

• Magnetic anomalies