Italian and German Unification: Crash Course European History

The video explores the formation of modern European nation-states, focusing on Italy and Germany. It discusses the roles of key figures like Napoleon III, Cavour, Garibaldi, and Bismarck in nation-building. The concept of realpolitik and Bismarck's strategies, including negative integration, are highlighted. The video emphasizes the constructed nature of nations and the impact of historical events on national identities.

Which two European countries were not unified as sovereign states during the early episodes of the course?

• Portugal and Greece

• Netherlands and Belgium

• Italy and Germany

• France and Spain

What was one of Napoleon III's main strategies for modernizing France?

• Establishing a democratic government

• Encouraging worker activism

• Building railroads and banks

• Promoting agricultural reforms

Who was the revolutionary leader that played a key role in the unification of Italy?

• Giuseppe Garibaldi

• Napoleon III

• Otto Von Bismarck

• Camillo Di Cavour

What political philosophy did Otto Von Bismarck famously advocate for?

• Liberalism

• Realpolitik

• Communism

• Romanticism

How did Bismarck handle the Schleswig and Holstein provinces?

• He ignored the conflict

• He ceded them to Denmark

• He negotiated peace with Austria

• He used them to provoke war with Austria

What was a significant outcome of the Austro-Prussian War?

• Denmark became a Prussian ally

• Prussia emerged as the leading German power

• France intervened in the conflict

• Austria gained control of Prussia

What was Bismarck's approach to unifying Germany known as?

• Positive integration

• Cultural assimilation

• Negative integration

• Economic unification

What was the Kulturkampf?

• A strategy to unite with Austria

• A movement to promote socialism

• A campaign against Catholic influence

• A policy to integrate Catholics

What was one of the first social welfare programs introduced by Bismarck?

• Pension for the elderly

• Accident and sickness protection for workers

• Universal healthcare

• Free education for all

What was a key factor in the unification of Germany under Bismarck?

• Cultural exchanges with Italy

• Economic treaties with Austria

• Military victories and strategic alliances

• Support from the French