Chloroquine & Hydroxychloroquine | Mechanism of Action, Targets (Malaria), Adverse Effects

The video tutorial discusses chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, focusing on their chemical structures, uses, mechanisms of action, and adverse effects. These medications are primarily used as antimalarial agents and have immunomodulatory properties for treating rheumatological conditions. The tutorial explains how they work by altering the pH in protozoa food vacuoles, thus inhibiting nutrient digestion. It also covers their metabolism, contraindications, and a comprehensive list of potential adverse effects, emphasizing the importance of monitoring for specific conditions like prolonged QT interval and macular degeneration.

What is the primary difference between chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine?

• Chloroquine has a hydroxyl group.

• Hydroxychloroquine is used intravenously.

• Hydroxychloroquine has a hydroxyl group.

• Chloroquine is used intravenously.

Which species of Plasmodium is resistant to chloroquine?

• Plasmodium ovale

• Plasmodium malariae

• Plasmodium vivax

• Plasmodium falciparum

How do chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine affect the food vacuole of protozoa?

• They acidify the vacuole.

• They alkalinize the vacuole.

• They increase nutrient absorption.

• They decrease pH levels.

Which condition is NOT treated with hydroxychloroquine?

• Primary Sjogren syndrome

• Diabetes

• Lupus

• Rheumatoid arthritis

What is a common contraindication for using chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine?

• Asthma

• Diabetes

• High blood pressure

• Previous hypersensitivity reactions

Which adverse effect is associated with prolonged use of chloroquine?

• Weight gain

• Improved vision

• Increased appetite

• Hearing loss

What cardiovascular complication can chloroquine cause?

• Prolonged QT interval

• Shortened QT interval

• Decreased blood pressure

• Increased heart rate