Thalidomide: The Chemistry Mistake That Killed Thousands of Babies

Thalidomide, introduced in 1957 to treat morning sickness, caused severe birth defects due to its chiral nature. The drug's two enantiomers had different effects: the R-enantiomer alleviated symptoms, while the S-enantiomer caused harm. Despite its initial withdrawal, thalidomide was later approved for treating leprosy and other diseases, with strict precautions to avoid use during pregnancy.

What was the initial purpose of thalidomide when it was introduced in 1957?

• To alleviate back pain

• To cure morning sickness

• To reduce fever

• To treat headaches

What is a chiral molecule?

• A molecule with no atoms

• A molecule with a single atom

• A molecule with identical atoms

• A molecule with mirror-image versions

Which enantiomer of thalidomide was responsible for causing birth defects?

• S-enantiomer

• Both enantiomers

• R-enantiomer

• Neither enantiomer

Why was it not possible to safely use the R-enantiomer of thalidomide for treating morning sickness?

• It caused different side effects

• It was ineffective for morning sickness

• It could convert to the S-enantiomer in the body

• It was too expensive to produce

For what condition was thalidomide approved by the FDA in 1998?

• Diabetes

• Common cold

• Hansen's disease (leprosy)

• Morning sickness