Curious Case of Phineas Gage

The video discusses the case of Phineas Gage, a railway construction worker who survived a severe brain injury in 1848 when an iron rod was accidentally driven through his skull. Despite surviving, Gage experienced a significant personality change, becoming impulsive and rude. Doctor John Martin Harlow, who treated Gage, observed these changes and suggested that the mind and personality could be affected by brain injuries. This case contributed to the development of the brain localization theory, which posits that different brain areas have specific functions. Gage's accident and subsequent personality change provided early evidence for this theory, significantly impacting the understanding of the relationship between the mind and brain.

What was the significant change in Phineas Gage after his accident?

• He could no longer walk.

• He lost his ability to speak.

• He became more intelligent.

• He experienced a personality change.

Who was the doctor that treated Phineas Gage and studied his case?

• Doctor John Martin Harlow

• Doctor Sigmund Freud

• Doctor Oliver Sacks

• Doctor Paul Broca

What was controversial about Doctor Harlow's observations?

• He suggested personality could change due to brain injury.

• He thought the brain was not important for personality.

• He claimed the brain was a homogeneous lump.

• He believed the brain could not heal.

What theory did Phineas Gage's case help to support?

• The theory of gravity

• The theory of brain localization

• The theory of relativity

• The theory of evolution

Which part of the brain was shown to be important for personality according to Gage's case?

• The parietal lobe

• The frontal lobe

• The temporal lobe

• The occipital lobe