Glutamine Synthetase Biosynthesis of Glutamine

The video explores the mechanism of glutamine synthetase, an enzyme that facilitates the condensation of glutamate and ammonia, requiring ATP and magnesium. This process is crucial for reducing ammonia's reactivity and transporting it in the blood as glutamine. The video also highlights the role of glutamine in the urea cycle and its biosynthesis, providing a comprehensive understanding of ammonia detoxification in the body.

What is the primary role of glutamine synthetase in the body?

• To produce ATP

• To transport ammonia in the blood

• To synthesize glucose

• To break down proteins

Why is ATP necessary in the mechanism of glutamine synthetase?

• It stabilizes the enzyme

• It is not necessary

• It provides energy for the reaction

• It acts as a substrate

What is the role of magnesium in the glutamine synthetase mechanism?

• To provide energy

• To bind with ammonia

• To stabilize the ATP molecule

• To act as a catalyst

What intermediate is formed during the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase?

• Phosphoalanine

• Phosphoglutamate

• Adenosine monophosphate

• Carbamoyl phosphate

How does the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase help in ammonia detoxification?

• By binding ammonia to glutamate to form glutamine

• By breaking down ammonia into nitrogen gas

• By converting ammonia to urea

• By storing ammonia in the liver

What happens to glutamine once it reaches the liver?

• It is used to synthesize proteins

• It is converted back to ammonia and glutamate

• It is excreted directly

• It is stored as energy

Which enzyme is involved in the conversion of glutamine to alpha-ketoglutarate?

• Glutamine synthetase

• Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

• Glutaminase

• Glutamate dehydrogenase