High Magnesium (Hypermagnesemia): Dietary Sources, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

The video tutorial covers hypermagnesemia, discussing its dietary sources, causes, symptoms, and treatment. Magnesium is essential for various physiological processes, and its imbalance can lead to hypermagnesemia. The causes are categorized into increased intake, cellular shifts, reduced excretion, and metabolic conditions. Symptoms affect neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems, with treatment involving stopping magnesium intake, administering IV fluids, and dialysis.

What is the normal range of magnesium serum levels?

• 2.5 to 3.5 mg/dL

• 1.8 to 2.5 mg/dL

• 1.0 to 1.5 mg/dL

• 2.0 to 3.0 mg/dL

Which of the following is NOT a dietary source of magnesium?

• Pumpkin seeds

• Broccoli

• Chicken

• Brown rice

Which condition is associated with increased magnesium absorption?

• High protein diet

• Low sodium intake

• Dehydration

• Excessive use of antacids

What is a common cause of hypermagnesemia related to cellular shifts?

• Rhabdomyolysis

• Hypertension

• Hyperthyroidism

• Hypoglycemia

Which medication can lead to hypermagnesemia?

• Lithium

• Aspirin

• Ibuprofen

• Paracetamol

What is a neuromuscular symptom of hypermagnesemia?

• Increased reflexes

• Deep tendon hyporeflexia

• Muscle spasms

• Muscle hypertrophy

How does hypermagnesemia affect the cardiovascular system?

• Leads to bradycardia

• Causes hypertension

• Enhances cardiac output

• Increases heart rate

At what magnesium level do symptoms like nausea and vomiting typically begin?

• 10 to 11 mg/dL

• 8 to 9 mg/dL

• 5 to 7 mg/dL

• 3 to 4 mg/dL

What is the first step in treating hypermagnesemia?

• Administering IV calcium gluconate

• Stopping magnesium intake

• Starting hemodialysis

• Giving diuretics

Why is IV calcium gluconate used in hypermagnesemia treatment?

• To increase magnesium levels

• For cardioprotection

• To reduce nausea

• To enhance kidney function