The Central Dogma of Biology | Transcription & Translation: The Basics

The video tutorial explains the central dogma of molecular biology, focusing on transcription and translation processes. It covers the structure of eukaryotic cells, DNA base pairing, and the differences between DNA and RNA. The tutorial details how mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and then translated into proteins in the cytoplasm, emphasizing the role of ribosomes and codons in protein synthesis.

What is the primary focus of the central dogma of molecular biology?

• The structure of the cell membrane

• The function of mitochondria

• The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein

• The process of cell division

Which of the following is NOT a base found in DNA?

• Cytosine

• Guanine

• Uracil

• Adenine

What is the role of RNA polymerase during transcription?

• To replicate DNA

• To synthesize mRNA from a DNA template

• To unzip the DNA strands

• To transport mRNA to the ribosome

What is the function of mRNA in the cell?

• To provide structural support to the cell

• To catalyze chemical reactions

• To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

• To store genetic information

Which sugar is found in RNA?

• Glucose

• Fructose

• Ribose

• Deoxyribose

Which base in RNA pairs with adenine in DNA?

• Cytosine

• Guanine

• Uracil

• Thymine

Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell?

• In the Golgi apparatus

• In the mitochondria

• In the cytoplasm

• In the nucleus

What is a codon?

• A segment of DNA that codes for a protein

• A group of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for an amino acid

• A type of RNA that carries amino acids

• A protein that assists in DNA replication

How many amino acids are encoded by five codons?

• Fifteen

• Five

• Three

• Ten

What is the main difference between transcription and translation?

• Transcription uses ribosomes, while translation uses RNA polymerase

• Transcription synthesizes RNA, while translation synthesizes proteins

• Transcription involves DNA, while translation involves RNA

• Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, while translation occurs in the nucleus